UNEP projects 2.8C warming; urges reform ahead of COP30

UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report projects 2.8C warming by 2100 under current policies (down from 3.1C); fully implemented pledges imply 2.3–2.5C. Global greenhouse gases rose 2.3% in 2024, with the G20 producing 77% of emissions. UNEP expects temperatures to exceed 1.5C temporarily this decade and says 2035 emissions must fall 35%–55% from 2019. It also urges financial reform before COP30.